Tutorial Python untuk bukan pengatur cara/Mengguna Modul: Perbezaan antara semakan
Permulaan penterjemahan |
(Tiada perbezaan)
|
Semakan pada 05:25, 7 Februari 2013
Ini latihan menaip bab ini (namakannya cal.py (import
sebenarnya mencari fail bernama calender.py dan membacanya ke dalam program. Jika fail ini dinamakan calender.py dan ia melihata "import calendar" ia akan cuba membaca dirinya, yang tidak dapat dilakukannya dengan baik). :):
import calendar
tahun = input("Taipkan nombor tahun: ")
calendar.prcal(tahun)
Dan ini sebahagian output yang saya dapat:
Taipkan nombor tahun: 2001 2001 January February March Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 29 30 31 26 27 28 26 27 28 29 30 31
Nota penterjemah: |
(I skipped some of the output, but I think you get the idea.) So what does the program do? The first line import calendar
uses a new command import
. The command import
loads a module (in this case the calendar
module). To see the commands available in the standard modules either look in the library reference for python (if you downloaded it) or go to http://docs.python.org/library/. If you look at the documentation for the calendar module, it lists a function called prcal
that prints a calendar for a year. The line calendar.prcal(year)
uses this function. In summary to use a module import
it and then use module_name.function
for functions in the module. Another way to write the program is:
from calendar import prcal
year = input("Type in the year number: ")
prcal(year)
This version imports a specific function from a module. Here is another program that uses the Python Library (name it something like clock.py) (press Ctrl and the 'c' key at the same time to terminate the program):
from time import time, ctime
prev_time = ""
while True:
the_time = ctime(time())
if prev_time != the_time:
print "The time is:", ctime(time())
prev_time = the_time
With some output being:
The time is: Sun Aug 20 13:40:04 2000
The time is: Sun Aug 20 13:40:05 2000
The time is: Sun Aug 20 13:40:06 2000
The time is: Sun Aug 20 13:40:07 2000
Traceback (innermost last):
File "clock.py", line 5, in ?
the_time = ctime(time())
KeyboardInterrupt
The output is infinite of course so I canceled it (or the output at least continues until Ctrl+C is pressed). The program just does a infinite loop (True
is always true, so while True:
goes forever) and each time checks to see if the time has changed and prints it if it has. Notice how multiple names after the import statement are used in the line from time import time, ctime
.
The Python Library contains many useful functions. These functions give your programs more abilities and many of them can simplify programming in Python.
Exercises
Rewrite the High_low.py program from section Decisions to use a random integer between 0 and 99 instead of the hard-coded 78. Use the Python documentation to find an appropriate module and function to do this.